The second-year medical student studying for the Step 1 exam should be able to:

• Understand the pathophysiology of dehydration
• Describe signs and symptoms which indicate dehydration
• Use lab values to differentiate between volume depletion caused by dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• Understand that severe volume depletion may lead to acute renal failure and the lab values used to monitor kidney function
• Understand that urinalysis in SIADH may present similarly to dehydration, and describe how the underlying pathophysiology is different.
• Understand that patients and their families have more access to information than ever