After the completion of the lectures and reading assignments, the student should be able to 1. Describe anatomic and physiologic changes in the cardiovascular system with aging and the clinical effect of these changes. • Hypertension • Congestive heart failure • Aortic stenosis • Atrial fibrillation 2. Describe anatomic and physiologic changes in the pulmonary system with aging and the clinical effect of these changes. • Pneumonia • Asthma • COPD 3. Define heart failure 4. Distinguish systolic dysfunction from diastolic dysfunction 5. Describe signs and symptoms associated with heart failure in older adults. 6. Describe barriers to cardiovascular diagnosis and care in women. 7. Define atrial fibrillation 8. Explain the clinical association between atrial fibrillation and cerebrovascular accident.(stroke) 9. Describe treatment approaches for atrial fibrillation 10. List the criteria for diagnosis of end-stage cardiopulmonary disease 11. Describe the demographics of asthma, COPD and pneumonia. 12. Explain the importance of recognizing atypical presentation of cardiopulmonary disease in older adults